Reproductive System Reproduction is the main link in the cycle of life. The lifecycle involves: birth, growth, generation of new life, ageing and death. The ability to generate a new life-form is called reproduction. The human reproductive system is a set of organs working together to produce live offspring. This system is also called the […]
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A long time ago, on the streets of old England, a young lady was taking her evening stroll. Suddenly, she felt weak and collapsed on the pavement she was walking on. A crowd of people gathered around her. “What happened to her?” “We should get her some help.” They quickly took the lady to a
Disposal of waste products is an essential activity of living organisms. In the process of excretion waste products (mainly in chemical form: Urea) in liquid form are excreted out of the body. The three main steps involved in the formation of urine are: filtration of the plasma, reabsorption of materials/useful solutes, formation of urine and
The Bowman’s capsule extends into nephron tubule. There are four main tubules: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and the collecting tube. The tubules are the site for extensive re-absorption of useful plasma solutes. The useful solutes include: sugars and sodium; part of water is also reabsorbed
Ishmael was an observant young man from Manhattan. He had made many voyages as a sailor but now yearned for a whaling adventure. One day, on a cold, dull night in December, he arrived at the Spouter-Inn in New Bedford, Massachusetts. As the inn was full, he had to share a bed with Queequeg, a
The part of nephrons in which the blood plasma is filtered is the glomerulus which is also called Malpighian body. It is a network of capillaries. These capillaries are an extension of the renal artery. The blood plasma is forced into this capillary network under high pressure for filtration. The rate at which blood is
Once upon a time, four sisters–Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy March–lived together with their mother in a small town of New England. Their neighbours called them the Little Women. Their father, Mr March, was away and served as a chaplain in the Civil War. While he was away, the hardship descended on the family. They
Professor Otto Lidenbrock was a respected scientist who lived in Hamburg, Germany. He was a professor of mineralogy. He had a great mind. But he was quite moody and had a bad temper. He lived with his nephew Axel and maid Marta. Axel accompanied him in his physics experiments. When the day’s work was done,
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Long ago in England, there lived a man named Lemuel Gulliver. He loved exploring, and wanted tolead an adventurous life. So, he set sail on a voyage with some of his friends and crew members. The journey started on a positive note, and everyone had a good time. ‘This is the life I wanted,’ Gulliver
Pip, a six-year-old boy, lived on the marshes of Kent with his crooked sister and her husband Joe Gragery. His sister Mrs Joe Gragery was a loud, angry woman who kept reminding Pip and Joe of the problems she had to face to take care of the house. Joe was a blacksmith by profession. On
The kidneys are connected with two major blood vessels: the renal artery and the renal vein. In the kidney, the renal arteries divide into several arterioles. These arterioles form a mesh-like network in the glomerulus. The blood under high pressure enters this network and is filtered through the capillary network of the glomerulus. These capillaries
A kidney consists of several excretory units, called nephrons, that work together to produce urine. They are called the filtering (functional) units of the urinary system. The main parts of the nephrons are: the glomerulus or the Malpighian body, Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tube and collecting tube, which work
David Copperfield was a sweet boy who was born in a small village of England. He lived with his mother and maid, Peggotty. He had a mirthful childhood, and loved them both very much. He was sent to the best school, and was very well looked after by both women. After some years, when David
Urinary Bladder The urinary bladder is a storage organ (elastic in nature) of the excretory system of the liquid waste in the form of urine. It is located behind the pubic bone in the pelvis. The bladder muscles contract while urination. This contraction of muscles opens two sphincters or valves at the end of the
The ureter is hollow tube-like structure which makes a bridge between the kidney and the urinary bladder. Each kidney is connected with a ureter. Ureters carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The length of the ureter ranges from 10-12 inches. Each ureter enters the bladder through a tunnel in the bladder wall,