Jack was a young lad living with his widowed mother. Their only means of income was a cow. As time went by, the cow stopped giving milk. So one morning, Jack was sent to the market to sell it. On the way to the market he met an old man who offered to give him […]
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Once upon a time, there lived a woodcutter with his wife in a village. One day, his wife asked him to cut some thick trees in order to get more wood. The woodcutter headed for a forest to cut down some thick trees. No sooner had he picked up his axe to cut a tree
Old Geppetto was a good carpenter. Once, he found a piece of wood. He decided to carve a puppet from it. He made a puppet of boy and named him ‘Pinocchio’. Old Geppetto felt very happy to see his son. Pinocchio had a long nose. Pinocchio was very naughty. He would do one feat or
The small intestine completes the process of digestion. The food before reaching the duodenum undergoes acid treatment and chemical digestion. The form of food that reaches the duodenum is called the chyme. Here, the digestion and absorption process of the nutrients in the chyme gets completed. Pancreatic and intestinal enzymes play an important role in
The oesophagus is a hollow muscular tube, also known as the food pipe or gullet. It is a connecting tube between the mouth and the stomach. It is located behind the trachea. The oesophagus consists of four coats of tissues. The movement of the tissue layers is responsible to move the food towards the stomach
The pharynx is a cone-shaped passageway that lies behind the nose, mouth and larynx. The pharynx chamber plays both respiratory and digestive functions. The pharynx chamber consists of the naso pharynx, oral pharynx and laryngeal pharynx. The chief muscles of the pharynx are constrictor muscles which contract, when food is received into the pharynx, and
Teeth play an important role in the digestive process. The mouth contains teeth which masticate the food. Mastication means biting and grinding of food into smaller pieces between the upper and the lower teeth. This allows the enzymes (present in saliva) to mix well with food and hence swallowed more easily. If the food is
Food begins its journey from the mouth. The main parts of the mouth are: teeth, tongue and salivary glands. In the mouth, food particles are broken down physically with the help of teeth. It is known as mechanical digestion. Saliva, the watery secretion of the salivary glands, moistens and lubricates the food. Saliva starts the
Food is needed for growth. It acts as a fuel for the production of heat and energy. The digestive system receives the food and breaks it down into simpler components so that it may be used in the body. The entire process of the reception of food and its breaking down into simpler components is
Spleen Spleen is the largest organ of adult lymphatic system, located behind the stomach, in the abdominal cavity. It resembles a lymph node, but it is larger than lymph nodes. It is made up of two types of tissues. (1) Red pulp that removes bacteria and lymphocytes (white blood cells) and macrophages. (2) White pulp
A lymph duct collects lymph from various tissues and then moves it to the blood vessels. There are two lymph ducts in the body: thoracic (left lymphatic duct) and right lymphatic duct. The thoracic duct moves along the abdomen to the neck. It collects lymph from the digestive tract. The right lymphatic duct (a smaller
Lymph vessels are similar in structure to the veins but they bear several valves on its surface. These valves impart a beaded appearance to the lymph vessels. They move corresponding to veins and arteries. The valves present on the lymph vessels prevent the back flow of the lymph, once the lymph has entered the main
In the evenings, Sindbad invited his friends. His friends liked the good food. They liked the music. But above all, they liked to listen to Sindbad’s stories. His friends were dazzled. Sindbad told his friends, “Soon our ship was out in the open sea. After sailing to many ports, the ship came to a wonderful
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