Gems

Gems are the most valuable, durable, beautiful, and rare crystals. There are about 80 known gems. They are divided into two categories: precious and semi-precious. Precious gems include: diamond, ruby, emerald and sapphire. Semi-precious gems include: opal, amethyst and topaz. Most of the gems are made up of combination of a substance called silicate. Diamond is the most precious and simplest gem among all. It is made up of pure carbon. Ruby and sapphire are composed of aluminium oxide (corundum). Emerald is one of the earliest and highly prized gems. Gems are described on the basis of 4 C’s: clarity, colour, cut and carat (weight).

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