The male reproductive system is a set of organs which produce male gametes (sperm cells) and deliver them to the uterus of the female. The primary male reproductive organs are the testicles and scrotum. The testes or testicles generate sperms. The formation of sperms is activated by the hormone testosterone (male hormone). The sperms pass […]
Each ovary is connected with a narrow tube-like structure called the fallopian tube. The open end of the fallopian tubes looks like a flower sepal. These fallopian tubes are also called uterine tubes through which ova travel. The ovarian arteries supply blood to the ovaries and these tubes which are a duct and they transport
Vagina and Uterus Vagina is an interface between the external and internal reproductive organs. The external organs include: vulva, clitoris and vestibule. It is a muscular tube which is connected with blood vessels and nerves. It makes the connection between the vestibule and the uterus. Uterus is a pear-shaped organ which is the house where
Reproductive System Reproduction is the main link in the cycle of life. The lifecycle involves: birth, growth, generation of new life, ageing and death. The ability to generate a new life-form is called reproduction. The human reproductive system is a set of organs working together to produce live offspring. This system is also called the
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Disposal of waste products is an essential activity of living organisms. In the process of excretion waste products (mainly in chemical form: Urea) in liquid form are excreted out of the body. The three main steps involved in the formation of urine are: filtration of the plasma, reabsorption of materials/useful solutes, formation of urine and
The Bowman’s capsule extends into nephron tubule. There are four main tubules: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and the collecting tube. The tubules are the site for extensive re-absorption of useful plasma solutes. The useful solutes include: sugars and sodium; part of water is also reabsorbed
The part of nephrons in which the blood plasma is filtered is the glomerulus which is also called Malpighian body. It is a network of capillaries. These capillaries are an extension of the renal artery. The blood plasma is forced into this capillary network under high pressure for filtration. The rate at which blood is
The kidneys are connected with two major blood vessels: the renal artery and the renal vein. In the kidney, the renal arteries divide into several arterioles. These arterioles form a mesh-like network in the glomerulus. The blood under high pressure enters this network and is filtered through the capillary network of the glomerulus. These capillaries
A kidney consists of several excretory units, called nephrons, that work together to produce urine. They are called the filtering (functional) units of the urinary system. The main parts of the nephrons are: the glomerulus or the Malpighian body, Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tube and collecting tube, which work
Urinary Bladder The urinary bladder is a storage organ (elastic in nature) of the excretory system of the liquid waste in the form of urine. It is located behind the pubic bone in the pelvis. The bladder muscles contract while urination. This contraction of muscles opens two sphincters or valves at the end of the
The ureter is hollow tube-like structure which makes a bridge between the kidney and the urinary bladder. Each kidney is connected with a ureter. Ureters carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The length of the ureter ranges from 10-12 inches. Each ureter enters the bladder through a tunnel in the bladder wall,
Kidneys are dark reddish-brown coloured, bean-shaped organs of the excretory system, located in the back of the abdomen. Kidneys filter liquid waste and work as a disposal system of the body. Each kidney is connected with a renal artery and a renal vein. Nephrons are the basic functional units of a kidney. A kidney houses
The excretory system is an organ system that helps eliminate the liquid waste from the body. This organ system consists of the following organs: a pair of kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra. Each organ of this system performs a specific task. The kidneys form the liquid waste (urine) by filtration of plasma. The ureter carries
The islets of Langerhans are the endocrine part of the pancreas. These are the clusters of prism-shaped cells that release a hormone known as insulin which is required for the conversion of excess sugars into glycogen in the liver and muscles. Another hormone released by this gland is glucagon which is an antagonist of insulin.
The adrenal glands are located on the upper part of each kidney. The adrenal glands consist of an outer part and inner part. The outer part is called the cortex, and the inner part is called medulla. The cortex secrets a group of hormones called cortin, and the medulla secrets a hormone called adrenalin. Cortin