The Origin of Species

The Origin of SpeciesThe Origin of Species is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin that is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.πŸ—ΎπŸ…

GLOSSARY OF THE PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC TERMS USED IN THE PRESENT VOLUME

Aberrant – Forms or groups of animals or plants which deviate in important characters from their nearest allies, so as not to be easily included in the same group with them, are said to be aberrant.Aberration (in Optics) – In the refraction of light by a convex lens the rays passing through different parts of […]

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AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE PROGRESS OF OPINION ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, PREVIOUSLY TO THE PUBLICATION OF THE FIRST EDITION OF THIS WORK.

I will here give a brief sketch of the progress of opinion on the Origin of Species. Until recently the great majority of naturalists believed that species were immutable productions, and had been separately created. This view has been ably maintained by many authors. Some few naturalΒ­ists, on the other hand, have believed that species

AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE PROGRESS OF OPINION ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, PREVIOUSLY TO THE PUBLICATION OF THE FIRST EDITION OF THIS WORK. Read More Β»

MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF ORGANIC BEINGS: MORPHOLOGY–EMBRYOLOGY–RUDIMENTARY ORGANS

CHAPTER XIV Classification, groups subordinate to groups – Natural system – Rules and difficulties in classification, explained on the theory of descent with modification – Classification of varieties – Descent always used in classification – Analogical or adaptive characters – Affinities, general, complex, and radiating – Extinction separates and defines groups – Morphology, between members

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GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION – CONTINUED

CHAPTER XIII Distribution of fresh-water productions – On the inhabitants of oceanic islands – Absence of batrachians and of terrestrial mammals – On the relation of the inhabitants of islands to those of the nearest mainland – On colonisation from the nearest source with subsequent modificaΒ­tion – Summary of the last and present chapter. Fresh-water

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HYBRIDISM

CHAPTER IX Distinction between the sterility of first crosses and of hybrids – Sterility various in degree, not universal, affected by close interbreeding, removed by domestication – Laws governing the sterility of hybrids – Sterility not a special endowment, but incidental on other differΒ­ences, not accumulated by natural selection – Causes of the sterility of

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INSTINCT

CHAPTER VIII Instincts comparable with habits, but different in their origin – Instincts graduated – Aphides and ants – Instincts variable – Domestic inΒ­stincts, their origin – Natural instincts of the cuckoo, molothrus, ostrich, and parasitic bees – Slave-making ants – Hive-bee, its cell-making instinct – Changes of instinct and structure not necessarily simultaneous –

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MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTIONS TO THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION

CHAPTER VII Longevity – Modifications not necessarily simultaneous – Modifications apparently of no direct service – Progressive development – CharacΒ­ters of small functional importance, the most constant – Supposed incompetence of natural selection to account for the incipient stages of useful structures – Causes which interfere with the acquisition through natural selection of useful structures

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LAWS OF VARIATION

CHAPTER V Effects of changed conditions – Use and disuse, combined with natural selection; organs of flight and of vision – Acclimatisation – CorreΒ­lated variation – Compensation and economy of growth – False correΒ­lations – Multiple, rudimentary, and lowly organised structures variable – Parts developed in an unusual manner are highly variable; specific characters more

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NATURAL SELECTION; OR THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST

CHAPTER IV Natural Selection – its power compared with man’s selection – its power on characters of trifling importance – its power at all ages and on both sexes – Sexual selection – On the generality of intercrosses between individuals of the same species – Circumstances favourable and unfavourable to the results of Natural Selection,

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