The concept ‘demand’ refers to the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices during a period of time. It is to be noted that demand in economics is something more than desire to purchase though desire is one element of it. A beggar, for instance, […]
As the term ‘demand’ refers to the quantity of a good or service that the consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices during a period of time, the term ‘supply’ refers the amount of a good or service that the producers are willing and able to offer to the market at various
Forecasting of demand is the art of predicting demand for a product or a service at some future date on the basis of certain present and past behaviour patterns of some related events. Please remember that forecasting is no simple guessing but it refers to estimating scientifically and objectively on the basis of certain facts
All scientific theories are based on certain assumptions and economic theories are no exception. Economics deals with human behaviour which is relatively more uncertain and unpredictable which makes economic theories all the more dependent on several assumptions.The most important and the basic of all these is the assumption of rationality. A man is a rational
The term ‘Economics’ is derived from two Greek words, oikou and nomos, meaning the rule or law of the household. It originally dealt with the way in which a prudent household might best make the most efficient use of the limited income.The concept of efficient use of resources of the family was later carried over
Achievements in Zoology1665 Coined the term cell, Robert Hooke.1772 Observed free cells in bacteria, protozoans etc., A.V. Leeuwenhoek.1824 Animals and plants are aggregate of cells, Rene Dutrochet.1831 Round shaped nucleus, Robert Brown.1839 Applied cell theory of animals, T. Schwann.1861 Defined cells as living substance, Schutze.1882 Cell division in animals, W. Fleming.1886 Discovered cytochromes, Mac Munn.1902
Zoology is an important branch of biology. This chapter describes some important terms used in zoology.Adaptations : The structural, functional and behavioural changes developed in living organisms over long period of time to adjust to specific environment for survival.Aggregation : An act of collection or getting together.Anabolism : Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones.Ageing
Environment : Plants, animals, viruses, microbes and non living things such as light, heat, soil, air, water houses and minerals constitute our environment.Composition of airNitrogen 77.17%Oxygen 20.60%Carbondioxide 0.03%Water Vapour 1.40%Argon and other gases 0.94%Others 0.80%Biosphere : All the biomes taken together as a bigger unit constitute a single large self-sustaining biological system called biosphere. It
Microbiology : It deals with the study of micro-organisms such as viruses, bacteria and other micro-organisms.Bacterium (pl. Bacteria) : This is a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles other than ribsomes, reproduces by binary fission and occurs in one of three shapes (rod, sphere, spiral). Bacteria are our friends and foes. They
Biotechnology deals with the use of living organisms or substances obtained from living organisms in industries to get useful products. It is comparatively a new branch which includes biology and technology.Usefulness of Biotechnology(i) Alcoholic Drinks : Wine, whisky, beer etc. are prepared by biotechnological methods.(ii) Dairy Products : Curd, cheese, butter etc. are prepared by
Biochemistry : The study of chemicals in relation to living organisms is known as biochemistry. In biochemistry many chemicals are studied. These are as follows:Acid : It is a compound tending to raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and lowering its pH numerically.Base : A compound tending to lower the hydrogen ion concentration
Wild LifeWild life includes not only lion, tiger, wolves but also all animals living in natural environment. All forest plants, micro-organisms are included in wild life.Importance of Wild life conservation(i) Wild life conservation preserves environment.(ii) All food chains use maintained.(iii) Wild animals act as gene banks.(iv) Men’s greediness of hunting wild animals has been the
Smoking, drinking and taking narcotics are the habit cultivat substances in some persons due to family tensions and unbearable causes. When one becomes habitual of these things, we call it addiction. Giving off such habbits is very difficult. There may be many other causes for the addiction of these substances. We describe different kinds of
When the normal functioning of an organ or a system is hampered, it is said to be diseased. Diseases are caused by following agents.1. Pathogens : When virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan, helminthes attack the body they cause diseases.2. Malnutrition : Deficiency of minerals, vitamins, proteins, fats, etc. in the body causes diseases. These are called
It is that branch of Zoology which contributes in the uplift of economy of a nation. Under economic zoology come—(i) Poultry(ii) Fisheries(i) Poultry : The demand of the poultry products have increased many times during the last 20 years. Poultry provides poultry meat and eggs to the humans. Meat and eggs provide protein rich diet