Land use : India has about 32.88 crore hectares of land. From this total land we have a data of 92.5% land area. This land is used in cultivation, forests, industries etc. The following table explains the land use :Land use % put to use1. Cultivated land 51.002. Forests 19.033. Waste land 14.014. Cultivable waste […]

Manufacturing Industry : An industry engaged in processing raw materials into finished products is called a manufacturing industry. For example wheat is a raw material and after ground into flour, it is to be made into finished products like bread etc.In manufacturing, raw material is processed into a finished product. Thereby the value of the

Importance of Agriculture in Indian EconomyAgriculture has a very big role in India’s economy due to the following factors :(i) About 60% of Indian population derive their livelihood from agriculture.(ii) India is a country which has second highest population in the world. Agriculture provides food to this huge population and very large number of cattles.(iii)

Soil : The upper layer of the earth’s crust is called soil. Soil supports life. Soil is made up of humus and loose rocks. The soil is formed by climate, vegetation, weathering and animal life.Importance of Soil : In agricultural countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh the soil is most important. We get most of

Natural Vegetation : India has various types of soils, climates, mountains, plateaus and plains. These are the natural elements. Different areas of the country have different rainfalls. Our natural vegetation has bushes, rain forests, thorns, alpine vegetation and tidal forests.Climatic distribution of Natural Vegetation : Temperature and rainfall has a great impact on natural vegetation.

Climatic Diversity : India is a very big country and has regional variations in its climate. The interior of the country has a continental type of climate. Variety of climates in India are :(i) June is the hottest month for Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh etc. In Rajasthan the temperature may go up to 550C.(ii) Temperature in

The Indian SubcontinentLocation : Indian subcontinent comprises of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. The subcontinent extents between 80 4’N and 370 6’N latitudes and between 680 7’E and 970 25’E longitudes. If we add the sixth country Sri Lanka then it starts from 60N latitude. Through the middle of India the tropic of cancer

Rocks break into smaller pieces and fianlly into fine particles by the atmospheric elements like temperature wind, humdity, rain etc. This process is called weathering. Plants and animals also cause weathering of rocks.Weathering processes are of two types namely:(i) Physical or Mechanical weathering(ii) Chemical Weathering(i) Physical or Mechanical Weathering : The rocks break into smaller

Earthquakes : The tremors felt on the earth’s crust for a few seconds is called earthquake. In earthquakes the surface of the earth moves backward and forward or up and down.Following are the causes of Earthquakes.(i) The dislocated parts of the earth move up and down or to the sides and cause earthquakes.(ii) The internal

The globe of the earth is divided into three layers namely (a) The Earth’s crust, (b) Mantle and (c) Core.The Earth’s Crust : The outermost layer of the earth is called as the earth’s crust. It is about 30 km thick. In the region of continents it is thicker but at the floors of oceans

Water is a peculiar liquid as it can exist in three states namely solid state as ice, liquid states as water and gaseaus state as water vapour. In this chapter we discuss about humidity and rainfall.Water Vapour : Water is continuosly evaporating from seas, rivers, lakes, ponds etc. due to the heat of the sun.

Our atmosphere is a blanket of large amount of air. The pressure at any point on the earth’s surface due to the weight of the column of air is also quite large. It is almost equivalent to the weight of three elephants on our body or 15 pounds per square inch.Measurement and Units of PressureA

Weather : The prevailing atmospheric conditions—temperature, pressure, humidity, wind velocity and so on defines the weather. The study of weather is called meteorology carried out by meteorologists.Climate : Climate is the average weather conditions of a region over a long period or the climate is the long term or integrated manifestation of weather.Climate Controling FactorsClimate

Atmosphere : The blanket of air that covers the Earth is known as the atmosphere.The atmosphere goes up to about 1000 km from the surface of the Earth. 99% of the total mass of the atmosphere is contained within 32 km. The atmosphere gases are held by the gravitational pull of the Earth.Composition of the

Rotation of the Earth1. An imaginary line from west to east is taken as axis of the earth. Turning the earth from west to east is called the rotation of earth. Rotation makes the sun to rise every day in the east and set in the west.2. The earth spins around is aris west to