The summer had passed. Monsoon was looming large on the skies. One day on a dark night the commanders told their soldiers that Alexander wanted them to cross Vitasta (Jhelum) river younder which lay Kaikya kingdom. Greek army was to invade Puru’s land. Thousands of Greek soldiers crossed the river in thousands on horse backs […]
Taxila was the capital of Gandhar kingdom situated between Indus and Jhelum rivers. It was a happy kingdom with Taxila University its pride as everyone knew.The king Puru of the neighbouring kingdom was very jealous of the fame of Taxila. Puru was an ambitious king. His kingdom was known as Kaikya. He already had annexed
After graduating, Chanakya joined Taxila university as a professor. There was no problem for him in getting accepted as a teacher by the time Chanakya reached the final years of his courses. His academic brilliance had become evident to all the fellow students and the teachers. The teacher had already begun to treat him as
The politial scene during Chanakya early period, was not healthy. Infact, it was very disturbing and confusing. The lands were ruled by arrogant kings and the tyrants with the help of the fiefs and the rich mobs who really were exploiting the masses economicaly. The rulers had no constitution or administrative systems. The whims of
Chanakya was the son of thef amed scholar and teacher, Chanak, born to him in the third century B.C. Some historians believe that Chanak was merely his guru and his name Chanakya was derivative of the guru’s name as a tribute to him. The fact is that no authentic record regarding the bio-data of the
After vanquishing France Hitler launched a massive attack on Russia ignoring the no-war pact in June, 1941. Before that German forces had trampled upon Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. Hitler’s dream was to take into possession the vast oil reserves of Russia. Germans made progress deep into Russia. By 16th July Germans had reached Smolensk. Hitler
After scoring Victories over Rhineland, Austria, Sudtenland, Czechoslovakia and Denzig entire Poland was vanquished after 21 days of war. Enthused by these victories Hitler pressed on and crushed Holland, Luxemburg and Belgium.Now Hitler was not even listening to the advice of his military generals. He had somehow come to believe that he was the smartest
Hitler’s foreign policy had three clear aims—(1) To destroy Versai Treaty (2) Unification of all Germans (3) Expansion of German Empire.He withdrew from the League of Nations.Sar was merged into Germany because its 90% population wished so.Hitler stopped paying war damages to Allies. In 1935, military service was made compulsory. In 1934, Hitler signed 10
Within a year of his becoming dictator Hitler took away all civil rights of the people, press, radio and educational institutions. Secret police named Gestapo was set up that spread its dreadful net throughout the country. The very name ‘Gestapo’ made the people shiver. Anyone criticizing Hitler was shot dead or tortured to death.In 1933
President Hindenberg didn’t suspect the intentions of Hitler who was covertly planning to become total dictator. He wanted total authority and powers to repair the damages suffered by Germany. His dream was to make German nation mightiest power on the earth.So, he cunningly made President Hindenberg sign the order dissolving the Reichstage. The preparations for
Meanwhile, Hitler toured the country winning over masses to gain clear majority. Storm Troops wanted him and only him to become the Chancellor. They were ready to fight a bloody war for it.Fonn Schlicher tried to buy the support of Hitler but failed. The political situation continued to deteriorate. Hitler asked Storm Troops to be
After the ‘Versai Treaty’ Hitler had formed his own army with the soldiers retrenched from the army. He expanded his army ‘Storm Troops’ by recruiting the unemployed youth. His parallel army was strong enough to challenge the official army.The government did not want any clash with Hitler. So, it did not dare to outlaw the
The First World War led to worldwide economic recession. All the countries suffered. Germany was the worst hit because of being the loser country and the demoralisation plus demand for war damages.It led to devaluation of the currency. The factories shut down. Unemployment figures rose alarmingly. The people were losing patience. All around there was
The Germans were the people of the battle ravaged land. All through the centuries they had been fighting factional wars, kingdom wars, social and racial wars and continental wars. The wars had become an inevitable fact of their lives. Over the centuries the wars cast the Germans into a race of military mindset. To every
Some of the reasons of the rise of Adolf Hitler on the political firmament were as under :Versai TreatyThis treaty was forced on Germany on 28 June, 1919 in the Paris Peace Meet organised by the Allied Forces specially meant to humiliate Germans and impose back breaking financial penalties on them. It was a foregone